2024
Anderwald D, Sławski M, Zadworny T, Zawadzki G. Are Current Protection Methods Ensuring the Safe Emancipation of Young Black Storks? Telemetry Study of Space Use by Black Storks (Ciconia nigra) in the Early Post-Breeding Period.
https://www.mdpi.com/2802532
very interesting data
5. Conclusions
The use of telemetry to study BSs in the post-breeding period provided new information on the pattern of young birds’ independence. It was possible to determine the basic parameters of breeding phenology, such as the age of making the first flight attempts at an average of 65 days and the final departure from the nest at an average of 87 days. The use of space during this period was analyzed. The birds make the greatest use of a 500 m radius around the nest. In this zone, the birds refine their flying skills, explore the surroundings, and gradually become independent. The immediate vicinity of the nest and selected roosts are crucial.
...
The results confirm the validity of the establishment of protection zones of 500 m around nests and the need to maintain them from the start of the breeding season in March until the end of August.
before posting to the right topic
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marika.solo
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marika.solo
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Re: before posting to the right topic
2021
The abundance, reproductive success and apparent survival in the Estonian black stork population in 1991–2020.
(translation without corrections yet)
The most important result of this work is the accurate description of the extent of the decline in the Black-stork's numbers/population and the main cause/reason of this decline - high mortality of juveniles and higher mortality of females than male birds. The high mortality is probably due to the low condition of the young birds, which in turn is mainly due to a lack of food. The lack of food is not so much a problem in the early breeding period, because the Estonian Black-storks have the same size of broods as in the southern populations. Chicks may be in poorer condition due to lack of food in the late breeding period or after fledging, when many watercourses are already dry, indicating the negative effects of drought. In addition to food shortages, diseases, parasites and environmental toxins such as mercury and DDT can also have an impact. Certainly, the latter factors need further investigation.
Väli, Ü., Nellis, R., Kaldma, K., Vainu, O. & Sellis, U. Must-toonekure arvukus, sigimisedukus ja ellujäämus Eestis aastatel 1991–2020
(https://www.eoy.ee/hirundo/files/Vali-et-al-2021.pdf)
Kokkuvõte
Käesoleva töö tähtsaim tulemus on must-toonekure arvukuse languse ulatuse täpne kirjeldamine ning selle peamise põhjuse – noorlindude kõrge suremuse tõestamine, samuti on emaslindude suremus kõrgem kui isaslindudel. Tõenäoliselt tuleneb kõrge suremus noorlindude madalast konditsioonist, mis omakorda tuleneb eeskätt toidupuudusest. Toidupuudus ei kimbuta niivõrd pesitsuse algusperioodil, sest Eesti must-toonekurgede pesakonnad on sama suured kui lõunapoolsetes asurkondades. Pojad võivad toidupuuduse tõttu kehve-
masse konditsiooni jääda pesitsuse lõpuperioodil või pärast lennuvõimestumist, kui paljud vooluveekogud on juba kuivad, see viitab kuivenduse negatiivsele mõjule. Lisaks toidupuudusele võivad mõju avaldada ka haigused, parasiidid ning keskkonnamürgid, näiteks elav-
hõbe ja DDT. Kindlasti vajavad viimati mainitud tegurid edasisi lisauuringuid.
The abundance, reproductive success and apparent survival in the Estonian black stork population in 1991–2020.
(translation without corrections yet)
The most important result of this work is the accurate description of the extent of the decline in the Black-stork's numbers/population and the main cause/reason of this decline - high mortality of juveniles and higher mortality of females than male birds. The high mortality is probably due to the low condition of the young birds, which in turn is mainly due to a lack of food. The lack of food is not so much a problem in the early breeding period, because the Estonian Black-storks have the same size of broods as in the southern populations. Chicks may be in poorer condition due to lack of food in the late breeding period or after fledging, when many watercourses are already dry, indicating the negative effects of drought. In addition to food shortages, diseases, parasites and environmental toxins such as mercury and DDT can also have an impact. Certainly, the latter factors need further investigation.
Väli, Ü., Nellis, R., Kaldma, K., Vainu, O. & Sellis, U. Must-toonekure arvukus, sigimisedukus ja ellujäämus Eestis aastatel 1991–2020
(https://www.eoy.ee/hirundo/files/Vali-et-al-2021.pdf)
Kokkuvõte
Käesoleva töö tähtsaim tulemus on must-toonekure arvukuse languse ulatuse täpne kirjeldamine ning selle peamise põhjuse – noorlindude kõrge suremuse tõestamine, samuti on emaslindude suremus kõrgem kui isaslindudel. Tõenäoliselt tuleneb kõrge suremus noorlindude madalast konditsioonist, mis omakorda tuleneb eeskätt toidupuudusest. Toidupuudus ei kimbuta niivõrd pesitsuse algusperioodil, sest Eesti must-toonekurgede pesakonnad on sama suured kui lõunapoolsetes asurkondades. Pojad võivad toidupuuduse tõttu kehve-
masse konditsiooni jääda pesitsuse lõpuperioodil või pärast lennuvõimestumist, kui paljud vooluveekogud on juba kuivad, see viitab kuivenduse negatiivsele mõjule. Lisaks toidupuudusele võivad mõju avaldada ka haigused, parasiidid ning keskkonnamürgid, näiteks elav-
hõbe ja DDT. Kindlasti vajavad viimati mainitud tegurid edasisi lisauuringuid.