3. Nest Defence

[marika.solo]

Nest Defence (+ other birds in the Black Stork nest)

To defend their nest, storks perform a typical threat display (stereotyped motor pattern), the Up-Down with Bill Clattering, characterised by fast and repeated movements of the neck downwards and then upwards and backwards, emitting a mechanical sound produced by the rapid closure of the bill by banging the mandibles, and often with some pecks on the nest material. When an intruder attempts to land on the nest, the stork performs the Nest Covering Display in which it covers the nest.
(https://www.ciconianigra.sk/viewtopic.p ... 717#p42717)

[marika.solo]

Nest Defence (+ other birds in the Black Stork nest) - reserved

new sources (scientific - author: expert, specialist)