Pod koniec sezonu lęgowego u bocianów czarnych trudności z wypluwaniem (regurgitacją) pokarmu wynikają z dwóch głównych przyczyn biologicznych i anatomicznych:
Rozmiar ofiary i blokada mechaniczna:
Aby zaspokoić wysokie zapotrzebowanie energetyczne prawie dorosłych młodych, rodzice przynoszą znacznie większe ofiary (duże ryby). Regurgitacja tak dużej ofiary z żołądka mięśniowego przez wąski przełyk jest mechanicznie bardzo trudna. Jeśli ryba obróci się płetwami lub ogonem do przodu, dochodzi do zablokowania przełyku.
Zmęczenie rodziców i lepkość pokarmu:
Dorosłe ptaki latają na dalsze żerowiska, więc pokarm pozostaje w ich ciele dłużej. Pod koniec sezonu, ze względu na skrajne wyczerpanie fizyczne rodziców, może dochodzić do zaburzeń wydzielania śluzu i soków trawiennych. Pokarm w przełyku staje się zbyt suchy lub lepki i przywiera do ścianek. Kiedy ptak wykonuje silne ruchy szyją i nie otwiera dzioba, próbuje skurczami mięśni przesunąć zablokowaną rybę lub czeka, aż śluz nawilży drogi pokarmowe. Często przyniesienie wody służy właśnie rozluźnieniu tych suchych i sklejonych partii przełyku.
At the end of the breeding season, the difficulties adult black storks experience when regurgitating food are caused by two main biological and anatomical factors:
Prey Size and Mechanical Blockage:
To satisfy the high energy demands of almost fully-grown chicks, parents bring significantly larger prey (large fish). Regurgitating such large prey from the gizzard through the narrow oesophagus is mechanically highly demanding. If the fish rotates improperly (e.g., fins or tail first), it creates a mechanical blockage in the gullet.
Parental Fatigue and Food Stickiness:
Adult birds often forage further from the nest, meaning the prey is carried inside the body for longer periods. Toward the end of the season, due to the extreme physical exhaustion of the parents, the secretion of digestive mucus and fluids can decrease. The food in the oesophagus becomes too dry or sticky and adheres to the walls. When a bird pumps its neck heavily without opening its bill, it is attempting to move the wedged fish via muscular contractions, or waiting for mucus to sufficiently lubricate the digestive tract. Often, bringing water serves precisely to loosen these dry and sticky parts of the oesophagus.
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